Working Principle of High-Pressure Cleaning Machine Nozzles and Common Faults
The high-pressure cleaning gun is the core actuating component that controls the jetting of high-pressure water streams. Its working principle revolves around three key aspects: pressure regulation, water stream reversal, and jet focusing. When the high-pressure water stream output by the high-pressure pump passes through the high-pressure hose and enters the gun, it first flows through a valve mechanism controlled by the trigger. When the trigger is not pressed, the valve is in a normally closed state, and the water stream maintains high pressure within the pipe system. Upon pressing the trigger, the valve stem moves to open the pathway, and the high-pressure water stream passes through a pressure regulator and a nozzle assembly. The pressure regulator, through the interaction of springs and pistons, allows manual adjustment of the water stream pressure to meet different cleaning scenarios. The nozzle, through the effect of narrowing (Bernoulli’s principle), converts the pressure energy of the high-pressure water stream into kinetic energy, forming a high-speed, concentrated jet that achieves the effect of removing stains. Some guns are also equipped with rotating nozzles, which are driven by internal turbines to rotate the nozzle, allowing the jet to form a fan-shaped or helical coverage area, thereby enhancing cleaning efficiency.
Common faults with spray guns primarily occur in three areas: valves, nozzles, and seals. One type of fault is water leakage, which is often caused by the aging, wear, or loosening of seal gaskets. This is commonly observed at the trigger connection point and the nozzle interface, as water leakage directly reduces the spray pressure, affecting the cleaning effectiveness. Another issue is insufficient or no pressure, primarily due to nozzle blockages (accumulation of debris or scale), malfunctioning pressure regulators (fatigue of springs, sticking of valve seats), or failure of the trigger valve to fully open (obstruction by foreign objects). A third issue is trigger jamming or reset failure, usually caused by broken springs in the trigger mechanism, rust-encrusted valve seats, preventing the normal opening and closing of the water flow. A fourth issue is the divergence or lack of focus of the spray, often due to worn-out or damaged nozzles or internal turbines. These components need to be promptly replaced.
Regular maintenance requires attention: immediately rinse the spray gun’s piping with clean water after use to prevent residue from forming limescale; regularly inspect the condition of seals and springs, and replace worn-out components promptly; avoid actuating the trigger when the spray gun is empty to prevent high-pressure water from flowing back and damaging the pump casing.
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